X.Prime Minister M.Nawaz Sharif
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Brief introduction to Nawaz Sharif.
Overview of his significance in Pakistan’s political history.
Early Life and Background:
1.Nawaz Sharif’s family background.
2.Education and early business career.
3.Entry into politics during the 1980s.
First Term as Prime Minister (1990-1993):
1.Rise to power in the early 1990s.
2.Major policies and achievements.
3.Economic reforms and initiatives.
4.Challenges faced during his first term.
5.Dismissal and political turbulence.
Second Term as Prime Minister (1997-1999):
1.Return to power in the 1997 elections.
2.Constitutional amendments and the 15th Amendment.
3.Economic policies and the impact of nuclear tests in 1998.
Relationship with the military.
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1.The Kargil conflict and its consequences.
2.Coup d’état in 1999 and subsequent exile.
Exile and Return to Politics:
1.Life in exile and political activities abroad.
2.Return to Pakistan in 2007.
3.Rebuilding the Pakistan Muslim League (N)(PML-N).
4.Role in the Lawyers' Movement and the restoration of judiciary.
Third Term as Prime Minister (2013-2017):
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1.Winning the 2013 general elections.
2.Economic policies and the China- Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
3.Handling of terrorism and security challenges.
4.Relations with India and other foreign policy matters.
5.Controversies, including the Panama Papers scandal.
6.Disqualification by the Supreme Court in 2017.
Post-Premiership and Legal Battles:
1.Legal challenges and court cases
post-2017.
2.Imprisonment and health issues.Impact of his political legacy on PML-N and Pakistani politics.
Legacy and Impact:
1.Assessment of Nawaz Sharif’s contributions to Pakistan.
2.Controversies and criticism faced during his career.
3.Influence on future political dynamics in Pakistan.
Nawaz Sharif’s current status and future prospects.
1.Summary of Nawaz Sharif's political journey.
2.Reflection on his enduring influence on Pakistani politics.
Essay:Introduction:
Nawaz Sharif is one of Pakistan's most prominent and controversial political figures. Having served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan three times, his political career spans over three decades and has been marked by significant achievements, as well as numerous challenges and controversies.
His leadership has been influential in shaping Pakistan's economic policies, relations with neighboring countries, and the overall political landscape. Nawaz Sharif’s legacy is one of both progress and conflict, making him a pivotal figure in the country's modern history.
Early Life and Background:
Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif was born on December 25, 1949, in Lahore, into a wealthy family with deep roots in the business community. His father, Muhammad Sharif, was an industrialist who laid the foundation of the Ittefaq Group, a leading business conglomerate in Pakistan.
Nawaz Sharif received his early education in Lahore and later graduated from Government College Lahore. He pursued further studies in law at the University of Punjab, which laid the foundation for his future political career.
His entry into politics was influenced by his family's close ties with the military and the political establishment.
Nawaz Sharif initially joined the Pakistan Muslim League (PML), a party with a long history in Pakistani politics. His rise in politics was swift, and he was appointed as the Finance Minister of Punjab in 1981, during the military regime of General Zia-ul-Haq. His performance as Finance Minister garnered him recognition, and he soon became a prominent figure within the party.
First Term as Prime Minister (1990-1993):
Nawaz Sharif first became the Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1990, after his party, the Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) (PML-N), won the general elections. His first term was marked by a focus on economic reforms and privatization. Sharif’s government embarked on an ambitious program to deregulate and privatize state-owned enterprises, which were seen as inefficient and a burden on the economy.
His policies aimed to reduce the role of the state in the economy and promote private sector-led growth.However, his first term was also fraught with challenges.
Nawaz Sharif faced significant opposition from various political parties and was embroiled in a power struggle with the then-President Ghulam Ishaq Khan.
The tension between the Prime Minister and the President culminated in Nawaz Sharif’s dismissal in 1993. The dismissal was later overturned by the Supreme Court, but political instability continued, leading to his eventual resignation.
Second Term as Prime Minister (1997-1999):
Nawaz Sharif returned to power in 1997 with a resounding victory in the general elections. His second term is often remembered for his attempts to consolidate power.
One of the most significant moves during this period was the passage of the 13th Amendment, which curtailed the powers of the President, particularly the authority to dismiss the Prime Minister. Sharif also introduced the 15th Amendment, which sought to impose Sharia law in Pakistan, but this was met with considerable opposition and was never fully implemented.
Economically,
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Sharif's second term was a period of both progress and turmoil. The decision to conduct nuclear tests in 1998 in response to India’s nuclear tests was a defining moment in his premiership.
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While the tests were a demonstration of Pakistan’s defense capabilities, they led to international sanctions, which had a severe impact on the economy. Despite these challenges, Sharif continued with his privatization agenda and infrastructural development projects.
The most contentious aspect of Nawaz Sharif’s second term was his relationship with the military. The Kargil conflict with India in 1999, which was initiated by the Pakistani military without the Prime Minister’s full consent, strained civil-military relations.
The fallout from Kargil,
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combined with Sharif’s attempt to dismiss the then-Army Chief General Pervez Musharraf, led to a military coup in October 1999, which resulted in Sharif’s ouster and subsequent exile to Saudi Arabia.
Exile and Return to Politics:
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Nawaz Sharif spent nearly a decade in exile following the 1999 coup. During this period, he remained politically active, albeit from a distance. He continued to lead the PML-N and maintained contact with his supporters in Pakistan.
His exile was a period of reflection and strategic planning, as he sought to return to the political arena and reclaim his position in Pakistan’s politics.Sharif returned to Pakistan in 2007, following a deal brokered with the help of international mediators. His return was met with significant public support, and he quickly re-established himself as a key political player.
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The Lawyers' Movement,
which sought the restoration of the judiciary that had been dismissed by General Musharraf, provided Sharif with an opportunity to align himself with the popular demand for justice and the rule of law. His support for the movement helped him regain political credibility and set the stage for his eventual return to power.
Third Term as Prime Minister (2013-2017):
In 2013, Nawaz Sharif’s PML-N won the general elections, bringing him back to the office of Prime Minister for a third term. His third term was characterized by a focus on economic development, particularly through the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
The CPEC initiative, which aimed to enhance connectivity and economic cooperation between China and Pakistan, was seen as a major achievement of Sharif’s government. The project promised significant investments in infrastructure, energy, and transportation, which were expected to boost Pakistan’s economy.
However, Sharif’s third term was also marked by serious challenges, particularly in the realm of governance and corruption. The Panama Papers leak in 2016 revealed that Sharif’s family owned offshore companies and luxury apartments in London, which were not declared in his assets.
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The revelations led to a significant political crisis, with opposition parties demanding his resignation. The Supreme Court of Pakistan eventually disqualified Nawaz Sharif from holding office in 2017, citing discrepancies in his financial declarations.
This disqualification marked the end of his third term as Prime Minister.
Post-Premiership and Legal Battles:
After his disqualification, Nawaz Sharif faced a series of legal battles. He was convicted on corruption charges in the cases that stemmed from the Panama Papers scandal. Sharif was sentenced to prison, but his health deteriorated, leading to his release on bail for medical treatment. He traveled to the United Kingdom for treatment in 2019,
where he has remained since, citing health reasons.Despite his legal troubles and absence from Pakistan, Nawaz Sharif continues to wield significant influence over Pakistani politics.
His party, the PML-N,
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Remains a major political force, with his daughter Maryam Nawaz emerging as a key leader within the party. Sharif’s legacy is a complex one, marked by both achievements and controversies.
Legacy and Impact:
Nawaz Sharif’s impact on Pakistan’s political landscape is undeniable. He played a crucial role in the country’s economic liberalization and infrastructure development. The initiatives taken during his tenure, such as the motorway projects and CPEC, have had long-lasting effects on Pakistan’s economy and regional connectivity.
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